Coal industry of pakistan Essay Example for Free

Coal industry of pakistan Essay Pakistan has a very large coal reserve base only Thar coal can be used to make 40,000 MW of Electricity for the next 100 years. Regional powers like China are very much interested in the project and are willing to pour billions of dollars in these projects if the Govt. of Pakistan issues sovereign guarantee. Sector will essentially contribute to the wiping out of the difference in the electricity shortage. It would stabilise the economy as oil imports are going to decrease which contribute to $8 Billion of our imports. Coal can be exported to countries around the world. Many countries are shifting to coal as means of energy and this raises export opportunity for the coal exports too. The labour cost in the mining industry is very low as compared to other parts of the world and essentially have higher profit margins. The Tax rate is nil during exploration, mine construction and extraction phase. WEAKNESSES Serious lack of infrastructure facilities Many government restrictive policies and not much help provided by the government. Government not fulfilling there contracts. There is no consistency in Government policy. Low quality coal available mostly Too much capital required to extract the coal. Thermal energy would mean more pollution OPPORTUNITIES Expansion of energy base of Pakistan Expansion of export base and reduction of oil imports. Opportunity to boost lagging industries. Growing demand of Coal THREATS Foreign involvement which might restrict local development Restrictive policies and red tapism by government Control of reserves by only a few major players Oil Lobby being a very strong force in Pakistan. Problem faced by this Industry Lack of safety and security Pakistan’s image and political situation is a deterrent to investment Pakistan’s image and political situation is a deterrent to investment The industry sustained a stab back in the recent years. Lack of knowledge of the mineral potential. Lack of Labour Safety. Lack of Government vision. Development expenditure being used for crisis management purposes. The industry relies on the findings of the PCSIR laboratories.PCSIR labs do not possess the necessary tools and equipments for refinement of minerals. Not a convenient supply of coal and at times they have to revert to oil and gas for there production mostly the cement companies. Recommendation for the industry There has to be innovation in the sort of mining techniques being adopted in Pakistan. Adoption of modern exploration techniques like photo geology, satellite imaging, Underground Gasification can be useful for the industry. Information regarding coal reserves, grades and annual production must be maintained for the information of investors that may guide their future programme and work. And it must be easily available on Government portal. Mineral development fund to be created spent by outsourcing the infrastructure programmes to private organizations. Allocation of funds from World Bank for mineral sector programmes. Due representation to be given to all the stakeholders from mineral sector i.e. laborers, Investors e.t.c. In order to for people to be interested in the mining sector, government has to provide facilities for the workers and management near to the mining facilities. Improve the efficiency of the emergency rescuers in case of an accident in a mine. Participate in international minerals exhibitions and fairs for creating awareness of Pakistan’s mineral potential to foreign investor. This would also built the Image of Pakistan. In most of the mining camps basic facilities of roads and other basic infrastructure facilities have not been provided. As a result the mine to market accessibility is very low and also increases the cost of mining. More degrees relating to the mining industry should be started as there are only 3 till date in Pakistan A separate board for mining be made involving technocrats. Train improve capacity of all persons in minerals managements. Establish mini power plants on coal in the mining areas. Provide in service training to technical staff i.e. laborers. Establish machinery-pool to extend services on cost effective basis Provide soft loans in the mining Industry.

TV Violence and the Future of Our Children :: essays research papers

TV Violence and the Future of Our Children In recent years, the news has seemed to mimic violence that appears in television and in movies. Several incidents support the majority of people's assumption that TV violence effects a child's behavior in many ways. A child's judgment is hurt badly by viewing TV violence, which can have some serious long-term effects. First of all, when children see characters on TV or in movies triumph by using physical force, they begin to see violence as an acceptable way of resolving conflicts. As a result, children use physical or verbal abuse toward others on the playground or at school. Some parents often worry that their children will not fit in with their friends if they do not watch popular children's television programs. The same 20-year research tell us that children who watch more violent television are actually rated more poorly by their peers. Also, according to Dr. Jeanne Beckman, children who spend more time watching violent TV programming are rated more poorly by their teachers, their peers, have few problem-solving skills, and are more likely to get into trouble with the law as teenagers and young adults. Take for instance the young boy who opened fire at his school in Pearl, Mississippi. The movie the Basketball Diaries had the most effect on this boy. Children who view too much media violence may have more difficulty getting along with others. If children do not see acts of kindness between other children and adults, they are less likely to be kind, or resolve their conflicts peacefully. This makes other children less eager to play with them. Along with verbal abuse, violent TV programs do not teach good language skills. Young children tend to repeat things they hear as they begin to develop their own vocabularies. Violent movies and TV programs show children a very limited way to talk about their problems -- and to solve them. Children are visual learners and television is more visual, more salient, more intense than simply reading a story to your child. Secondly, children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Viewing violence encourages children to see other people as enemies rather than as individuals with thoughts and feelings like themselves. Children who cannot put themselves in others' shoes may become less desirable playmates. One perfect example that supports this idea is the Columbine High School tragedy in which two young men opened fire, detonated bombs, and killed several school mates and teachers.

COM 200 Communication building a Relationship Essay

Communication is going to be the cornerstone of any relationship; trust is going to be the heart of what makes any relationship beat and overwhelming love will be how any relationship will last. Taking the opportunity to learn more in depth about your interpersonal relationship with yourself and your partner can strengthen a relationship; therefore, taking such opportunities should be looked upon as a rehabilitation tool or a hinder on what you need to possibly improve to make a relationship work. One feature that interferes with communication with anyone whom you want to have a conversation with is barriers. Barriers are typically the reason that communication falters between individuals; therefore, it’s important to have an understanding of the conversation and be a listener. A recent article from the website skillsyouneed.com.uk mentions â€Å"Barriers may lead to your message becoming distorted and you therefore risk wasting both time and/or money by causing confusion and misunderstanding.† Overcoming barriers involves effective communication, especially when barriers hinder conveying a clear and concise message. Being aware of language barriers, physical outside sources like noise to nonverbal communication can and will effect a conversation. Have you ever tried to hold a conversation with a friend or family member while in a crowded restaurant, that not only had screaming or crying children but adults yelling at a television that was mounted and playing a sports show such as an NFL game will in this establishment? Under those circumstances, it’s rather amazing that a conversation can be heard, let alone understood. Many people may rely on nonverbal communication during times like those via using mediated communication such as text messaging between one another. A downfall during media communication is that your true emotions cannot be correctly stated when they are read, but so many individuals rely on mediated communication devices instead of face-to-face time. Increase of media communication has benefitted the majority of society to keep in touch with their family members, â€Å"A majority of those surveyed (83%) considers going online to be a â€Å"helpful† form of communication among family members† (Connecting Generations (2012)). Another negative about media communication is how people portray themselves through such social networks like facebook, myspace to name a few. Unfortunately, our world is not a safe place, and thanks to pedophiles, neither are social networks. Even having the knowledge of barriers that are being conducted during your conversation does not mean the receiver acknowledges the sender’s message and is willing to participate with the conversation. Some individuals just have the lack of interest in the topic at hand and decide not to maintain communication between others. You need to make sure that each person has a desire to have a rappaport and animated feelings about the conversation or you could end up with receiving a lot of â€Å"Umm†, â€Å"Yea† or a head nod. The impact that our nonverbal communication can provide a conversation and enlighten someone to what is actually going through the other person’s mind can drive a conversation instead of just relying on the power of words. It can be the simplest nonverbal communication as holding hands will driving down the road, leaving a simple gesture as a flower or having someone just smile that can impact how your day may go or end. â€Å"The best communicators are sensitive to the power of the emotions and thoughts communicated nonverbally. Nonverbal communication is the single most powerful form of communication,† stated Susan Heathfield (2013). You don’t have to say any words for what you feel you need to gesture, it’ not always necessary too. Without realization of what you are doing with your body language, facial expressions or hand gestures, you are providing the other person your true thoughts and feeling without having to say a single word. It’s about being able to read an individual with your eyes instead of listening to how they are speaking to you. One of the most important emotions someone can provide you is the sense of touch: on the cheek to trace a tear, a hug for comfort or a kiss on your lips just because they were overwhelmed with the fact that they miss you. One experience I have found with nonverbal communication is the rolling of eyes during a conversation. It shows the lack of interest, platen disrespect to the person talking and how uneducated someone is in common courtesy. I have been experiencing this particular nonverbal disrespect in my line of work for years and I have noticed how my own children have started to pick it up with some of their peers. Needless to say, we have talked about it and we are trying to improve. Unless you learn how to curb your nonverbal communication, you are capable of being read like an open book; however, there are those that flaunt nonverbal communication which is read incorrectly leading to perception, which can hinder a relationship. Perception is one of the biggest evils when it comes to any type of relationship, friend or romantic, because it’s showing a lack of trust, which is the heart of any relationship. Without perception, I believe people wouldn’t have a way to gossip or speculate about what they don’t have a clue about. The only people that truly know what is going on is those directly involved in the situation at hand; therefore, perception is what others think and want others to believe about said relationship based of their gossipy words. Words have the magical capability to create and affect attitude, behavior or perception of an individual that is being looked at from the outside; therefore, communication and the builtment of trust before judgment would accommodate any relationship. Attitude in a relationship can hinder it, even if said attitude is not specifically coming from your intimate partner. Your attitude from work can continue until you are home, during a nice dinner with your significant other and cause a conflict that wasn’t present before. I recommend establishing a rule that allows each individual to vent about their day for a maximum of ten minutes, and then they can’t mention it anymore and must enjoy their family time. We realized this works great for all family members since it’s a controlled release of all of our emotions that is not directed to anyone specific. Nan Russell wrote in his article for JobsBankUSA, â€Å"Communication that builds trust is a dialogue, with a fountain built from integrity, forthrightness and honesty.† Without those three, you can’t build trust which results in the lack of communication and therefore, no relationship. Possessing integrity and never waiving from it shows that you have principles and you will do what is right at all times. If you waive from it, your forthrightness should be direct about what you did wrong, regardless of how petty it may seem to you, because it may mean everything to the other individual. Honesty is going to be what holds your relationship together; lies are never welcomed in any type of relationship. But you need to realize outside judgment may weight heavier with your significant other or your closest friends. Outside judgment of an individual can drastically affect their attitude, behavior and how they are perceived, not just from others, but how they see themselves; therefore, they seek communication with someone they trust. Nothing hurts more than unkind words, regardless if the person knows you personally or not. People don’t realize that some take what they hear about themselves literally, and some have taken to the bullying they have endured over the years by, unfortunately, taking their lives. Projecting a better attitude than what those people are saying shows that you are the bigger person and that you feel that regardless of what any one individual may say about you, you have your own best interest at heart, and perception doesn’t mean anything to you. Finding that someone that you can trust full heartedly is a task in itself. You let all your guard down when you are fully comfortable with an individual, hoping they are not judgmental about what they hear about your past and when you find the one that doesn’t perceive you how others may do, then you can realize that they won’t ask you to place your integrity into jeopardy and take your friends at face value, instead of placing them on the back burner. Lack of trust and communication can destroy friendships, families, marriages, jobs and romantic relationships; the things that people find to be the most important in their lives. Without trust in a friend, you will feel like they are just associates. Without trust in family, you will feel like an outsider when visiting for a family get-together. Lack of trust and communication in a marriage may result in a divorce. Lack of trust and communication in the job force could lead to unemployment or a death of a co-worker. Lack of communication in a romantic relationship could mean the end before it even began. Without knowing who you are as an individual, it may affect any type of relationship you have the desire for. With the understanding of your self-concept, you are able to appreciate yourself, how your partner sees you and vice versa; however, the opinion of how others see you may affect how you see yourself. There is nothing more appreciative then someone who is confident with who they are, as long as it does not come across as cocky. When an individual realizes who they are in this life, or who they want to be, it can be the driving force of their happiness, and happiness can be contagious. According to a quote in our textbook written by Sole (2011), â€Å"Your self-concept is learned, it is organized, it is dynamic and it is changeable (Purky, 1988).† Self-concept has been part of us since we were born; we were taught to respect ourselves and respect those that are older. It’s organized due to the understanding of how we approach who we want to be. Dynamic for the impact of how our own self-concept can change other’s opinions of themselves and of us and changeable because we simply don’t know what tomorrow will bring to our lives or take away. The environment that you decide to place yourself in is going to affect you as an individual. It will help mold you into the person you feel you are, build your self-esteem and self-image; you are interchangeable to provide adaption. Wherever and however you grew up in society does not mean you have to be the same later in life. Placing yourself in an environment that makes you happy, regardless if it’s your home or occupation, is going to affect who you are going turn out to be. It will assist you in some way of how you mold your life, but it’s up to you in how you end up getting molded. Having a high self-esteem can be the driving force of how you want the world to see you, and as a couple, having self-esteem as a unit is going to be how other couples want to be you. Self-image is the appreciation of yourself, how you carry your knowledge, confidence and maturity. Self-image is the impact of how others may see you, want to be you or feel threaten by you. Having a self-image that is threatening towards others can be the cause of many individuals not having the desire to converse with you, let alone be friends with you. The abilities we have to change assist us with any environmental adaption we may come across in our lifetime. We never know what type of situations we may be in five minutes from bow, but our self-esteem and self-image could mean the difference of how the circumstances may play out. Regardless, it’s how you want to see yourself and how you project yourself to the world. Even with the input of your partner, your family and friends, you are the one responsible for you; therefore, you need to figure out what makes you happy, take their opinions with a grain of salt and that you will change only when you feel it fits the situation. Making changes to your appearance, the way you talk or how you spend your time or money to impress someone isn’t going to win them over; therefore, you are making yourself miserable in the process when you can’t be your true self. When someone can’t accept you for who you are, what you do or how you act as a human being, that relationship may need reevaluated. When a family member or friend can’t understand why you behave the way you do, or come across as outspoken and confident, sit down and explain to them why you feel that certain way about the topic. Losing a family member or a dear friend over a few choice words or lack of understanding can be heart wrenching, so keep all forms of communication open without losing yourself in the mix of it all. Self-disclosure of each individual in a relationship, especially with your significant other, will help you reinforce what you thought about who you are as a couple and as yourself. Self-disclosure about what happened to you in your past that made you who you are today can be the most significant information to your partner, and have a better outcome then what you expected. How you want to purse a college degree, where you want to visit in the world or how many kids you want (adopted, fostered or natural) is some of the insight people are looking for when they decide to enter into a relationship. Holding back about how you may feel about situations that arise can be the uttermost biggest mistake when looking at any relationship you are trying to have in your life. Research study in 2010 by BMC Medical Research methodology found that â€Å"readiness for self-disclosure† was associated with higher relationship quality. Being able to disclose yourself by sharing your fears, doubts, private thoughts and how you perceive yourself can and will impact your relationship to the fullest extent. Who wouldn’t want someone to cling to when you come upon a fear? Nothing is better than having the comfort of someone’s arms around you when you need it most. To provide you words of encouragement when you start doubting yourself? Simply words can make the biggest impact when you feel that regardless of what you do, you are going to fail. Share your private thoughts with and knowing that they won’t be divulged regardless of the circumstances? Having that person you can tell any secret to, and know that it won’t be told, even under the worst circumstances, is one reason people have best friends from such a young age. Without self-disclosure, no one really knows who they are keeping company with or who they are. It’s the difference between a fake individual and a real friend. Without divulging information and hiding how you feel about any situation with your partner can be seen as breaking the trust in which your relationship was built, showing no care of how the other may feel and showing the lack of communication that could be built. Who would want to be with someone who simply broke your trust on a daily basis or showed the lack of caring about what you were discussing? I have found myself in these circumstances throughout my life. I have had a family member break my trust, communicated the most horrible words that could be spoken to a child and since have not communicated any words with that individual in over eighteen years. I have had the best partner in the world, who did everything in his power to bring a smile to my face, showed when I least expected it and showered me with hugs and kisses. He took his time to leave me notes on my door, made dinner arrangements at the weirdest locations and made the most beautiful impact in my life that I have actually compared others to him upon his death. I have raised a child that doesn’t communicate at all with his father, who doesn’t take the time to call his son or write a letter. Instead my child has the pleasure of communicating with his dad’s ex-girlfriend, has extended family that is not blood reach out to him and has realized at a tender age of eleven that not everyone is who they say they are or will be. He is lucky to have numerous people in his life that want to be a part of it. I have learned to remove myself from environments that impact my moods and attitude, learned to step back and appreciate my friends (regardless how few) and my family and come to realize that if a person doesn’t like me for being me, they don’t deserve to be part of my life or my children’s lives. May people have asked me why I have disconnected myself from so many, besides those that I work with, and I have come to explain to them that there is enough stress, unwanted drama in this world that I don’t want it in mine, and if they can respect that, they are more than welcome to remain in my life. I am trying to show my children that communication is a two way street, just like respect, and that both is needed to make our world a better place. There is no need to speak negatively about anyone they don’t know or towards one another, that action does speak louder than words at times and that regardless of any situation that they may come upon, I will be there. Enlightenment of any aspect of a relationship, regardless of if it’s with yourself or your significant other, can benefit either party with the knowledge that they may have been seeking or possibly feared. It’s about having the confidence of communication and understanding between two individuals that influences the lasting years between couples. â€Å"Love is to trust, hope and endure whatever may come (Bible).† References: Bible Heathfiled, Susan M. (2013). Listen with Your Eyes. Tips for Understanding Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved from: http://humanresources.about.com/od/interpersonalcommunicatio1/a/nonverbal_com.htm Russell, Nan (2006). Six Tips for Trust-Enhancing Communication. Retrieved from: http://www.jobbankusa.com/CareerArticles/Executive/ca111506b.html Schoenberg, Nara (2011, Jan). Can We Talk? Researcher Talks about the Role of Communication in Happy Marriages. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/docview/840600645/fulltext/13CBA1F7DFE34D3C383/1?accountid=32521 Skillsyouneed.com.uk. Barriers to Effective Communication. Retrieved from: http://www.skillsyouneed.co.uk/IPS/Barriers_Communication.html Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communications. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

The Development of Canals in the Industrial Revolution

Water was an important method of transport in Britain prior to the industrial revolution  and was used heavily for freight. Basically, to have a working economy, goods had to be moved from the place of production to the place of need, and vice versa. When travel was based on horses, no matter how good the road, there were limits on products, in terms of fragility or freshness or quantity. Water, which could take more, and faster, was crucial. There were three key aspects of water-borne trade: the sea, the coast, and rivers. Sea Carriage: Overseas trade required large ships and was important for importing and exporting goods and raw materials. Several key British ports, including the hub of the nation in London, had been growing on trade even before the boom of the revolution, and many traders had built public buildings. As the revolution got underway and Britain experienced an export boom in the late eighteenth century, wealth was reinvested in refurbishing ports, and they expanded greatly.Coastal Trade: Moving heavy goods at sea along the coast of Britain was much cheaper than moving the same items along the road network, and coastal trade was a key aspect of Britain’s economy. Between 1650 and 1750, i.e. before the industrial revolution, half a million metric tons of coal was moved this way from Newcastle in the north to London in the south. Foodstuffs could be moved fairly quickly through coastal trade, and the access supported provincial trade. The east coast, with a sheltered, smooth sea, ha d the greatest use, and most early industries like iron, tin, and grain depended on this method.Navigable Rivers: Britain made major use of its river network for transport as well as waterwheel energy, but there were problems. Rivers didn’t always—or rarely—went where you wanted your goods to go, and they were affected by drought and erosion, as well as other industries being in the way. Many were simply unnavigable. People had tried to improve the river network by dredging, widening, and cutting past meanders by the start of the eighteenth century, and canals became the logical next step. Indeed, it was river improvements that gave the engineers of the canals their start. However, lots of important industrial areas in Britain, such as Birmingham, didn’t have any water links and were held back. If there wasnt a river, or you werent on the coast, you had transport problems. The solution was to be found in canals, a man-made route in which you could (mostly) direct the traffic. Expensive, but if done right, a way of making large profits. The Solution: Canals The first British canal to follow a totally new route (the first British canal was the Sankey Brooke Navigation, but this followed a river) was the Bridgewater canal from collieries in Worsley to Manchester. It was opened in 1761 by the colliery’s owner, the Duke of Bridgewater. This reduced the Duke’s shipping costs by 50%, vastly cheapening his coal and opening up a whole new market. This illustrated to the rest of Britain’s industrialists what canals could achieve, and it also demonstrated both what engineering could do, and what wide-ranging enterprise could create: the Duke’s money had come from agriculture. By 1774 over 33 government acts had been passed providing for canals, all in the Midlands where there were no comparative or realistic alternative means of water transport, and the boom continued. Canals became the perfect answer to regional needs. The Economic Impact of Canals Canals allowed a greater volume of goods to be moved more precisely, and for much less, opening up new markets in terms of location and affordability. Seaports could now be connected to inland trade. Canals allowed for the greater exploitation of coal reserves as the coal could be moved further, and sold cheaper, allowing a new market to form. Industries could now relocate to coalfields or move to towns, and the materials and products could be moved either way. Of over 150 canal acts from 1760 to 1800, 90 were for coal purposes. At the time—before the railways—only canals could have coped with the swiftly rising demand for coal from industries like iron. Perhaps the most visible economic effect of canals was around Birmingham, which was now joined to the British freight transport system and grew hugely as a result. Canals stimulated new ways of raising capital, as the majority of canals were built as joint stock companies, with each company having to apply for an act of Parliament. Once created, they could sell shares and buy land, bringing in widespread investment, not just local. Only a tenth of the funding came from the elite of wealthy industrialists, and the first modern company management structures were put in place. Capital began to flow around the constructions. Civil engineering also advanced, and this would be fully exploited by the railways. The Social Impact of Canals The creation of canals created a new, paid, labor force called ‘Navvies’ (short for Navigators), increasing spending power at a time when industry needed markets, and each canal needed people to load and unload. However, people tended to fear navvies, accusing them of taking local jobs. Indirectly, there were also new opportunities in mining, hardware, and other industries, for instance, the potteries, as markets for goods opened right up. The Problems of Canals Canals still had their problems. Not all areas were environmentally suitable for them, and places like Newcastle had relatively few. There was no central planning and the canals weren’t part of an organized national network, constructed in different widths and depths, and largely limited to the Midlands and North West of England. Canal transport could be expensive, as some companies monopolized areas and charged high tolls, and competition from rival companies could cause two canals to be built along the same route. They were also slow, so things had to be ordered well in advance, and they could not make passenger travel cost effective. The Decline of the Canals Canal companies never solved the problems of speed, making the invention of a faster method of transport almost inevitable. When the railways were introduced in the 1830s people felt that the advancement would spell the immediate end of the canals as a major network for freight. However, canals continued to remain competitive for a number of years and it wasn’t until the 1850s that railways really replaced the canals as the primary method of transport in Britain. Sources and Further Reading Clapham, John. An Economic History of Modern Britain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.  Fogel, R. W. â€Å"The New Economic History. I. Its Findings and Methods.† The Economic History Review 19.3 (1966):642–656.  Turnbull, Gerard. Canals, coal and regional growth during the industrial revolution. The Economic History Review 40.4 (1987): 537–560.

The American With Disabilities Act - 1885 Words

Introduction/Brief History As humans, it is our duty to make the world a better, and safer place for all the creatures that live on earth. We may not always do but we try most of the times. Whenever there is a problem or the need to change something that is not convenient, the governments of our countries come up with laws and regulations to solve these problems. Ever since the beginning of times a few children were born with disabilities, it was very hard for them to survive due to lack of resources and accommodations; in some countries they were even killed at birth. Over time the governments realized that there was a problem for children and adults and disabilities that needed to be solved. The American government came up with the ADA also known as the American with Disabilities Act, a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against disability, it was signed in July of 1990 and effective in January of 1992. It was a great change for disabled people, they were more protected against discrimination, th ey had more rights, and most public facilities, commercial buildings and schools began installing infrastructures that would make that would make accessibility for disabled more efficient. Since then life is much easier for disabled individuals. The ADA Requirements for playgrounds, which is the focus of this paper, discusses the infrastructures and designs that need to be met in playgrounds at schools, parks, homes and other facilities. The ADA requirements forShow MoreRelatedThe Disabilities Of The Americans With Disabilities Act1551 Words   |  7 Pageswith a disability (US Census Bureau, 2015). There are 6.4 million children between the ages of 3 to 21 that are receiving special education services (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). In Georgia, 23.4% of the population are people under the age of 21 living with a disability (Erickson Schrader, 2014). Bulloch County has a population of 71,214 and of the entire population, 16% of them are living with a disability (Cornell, 2012). By the standards of the Americans with DisabilitiesRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1277 Words   |  6 Pageshaving a disability was seen as a physical imperfection. People with disabilities were treated as moral and social subordinates. We were trained that if a person had a disability they were not able to perform a task with the same ability as a normal person. They have been denied jobs for which they are highly qualified because they have been considered incompetent, or because employers were not comfortable with their presence in the workplace. Occasionally people with certain disabilities have beenRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act931 Words   |  4 Pageslaw in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been a challenge for employers to implement. This law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in both public and public businesses. There were numerous lawsuits where disabled employees have charged that employers h ave failed to accommodate his or her needs in the workplace. However, Supreme Court decisions interpreted the act in a way that made it difficult to prove that an impairment was a disability thereby ruling inRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act971 Words   |  4 Pages The American with Disabilities Act was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H.W. Bush. (Mayerson, 1992). According to Hallahan, Kauffman, Pullen (2015, P, 14) â€Å"the ADA provides protection of the civil rights in the specific areas of employment, transportation, public, accommodation, State and local government, and telecommunication. According to Mayerson (1992, P1) â€Å"the ADA did not began at the signing ceremony at the White House, but it began in the communities, when parentsRead MoreAmericans with Disabilities Act779 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans With Disabilities Act Website 1 http://www.cato.org Sponsoring Agency: The CATO Institute Content and Website Layout: The CATO Institute has afforded the public with myriad resources, regarding disabilities, education, child policy, welfare, government and politics. This website is fraught with publications, informative videos and commentary. Summary of Contributions: In essence, the CATO Institute has invariably aided the public, including segments of the population who have sufferedRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act Essay964 Words   |  4 Pages All Americans deserve the right to receive the best medical treatment available, that includes those with disabilities. So what is ADA? What makes it so essential? ADA may seem like just a couple letters from the alphabet, although to a person that has a disability it means a whole lot more. ADA stands for Americans with Disabilities Act. The Americans with Disabilities Act is extremely vital in the medical field. Not only is it the law to ensure that there is appropriate access to those with disabilitiesRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1577 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act I Introduction The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is federal legislation designed to prevent discrimination against disabled people. It applies to all disabled persons, no matter the nature of their disability. This paper examines the ADA and discusses some of the ramifications of the legislation. II Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act (hereafter ADA) was enacted in 1990, and its purpose is stated thusly: â€Å"The Americans withRead MoreThe On The American With Disability Act931 Words   |  4 PagesAs a supervisor according to my knowledge based on the American with Disability Act, I as supervisor would give Cheryl an oral warning. I will notify her that the ADA law states that she needs to do her job appropriately. I will check on her time and performance. If she did not perform a good job then I will give her a written warning. My first recommendation is that she should meet the EPA advisor and get some assistance from that program because that program may give her the lesson how to improveRead MoreAmericans with Disability Act926 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act was established to restrain illegal discrimination in employment against individuals qualified to be disabled. The purpose of the law was to generally end discrimination in the place of work and to deliver equal employment chances for individuals living with disabilities or have had histories of disabilities. The act defends employees that experience physical or mental deficiency that greatly limits a key life activity. In addition to that, it protects the rights ofRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act998 Words   |  4 PagesDisability is a complex word to define. Several attempts have been made to provide simplistic definition of the word however, it just added to more confusion and misuse of what the word disability m eans. The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines disability as â€Å"a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual†. There are many different perspectives of what the term disability means from an administrative, clinical, or academic research

The Conflict Of God And Empire - 1408 Words

God and Empire is ultimately about the Roman Empire and its relationship with/to the early church. I believe that Crossan’s key idea or â€Å"thesis† is that civilization naturally promotes developing an empire and violence, but the bible, regardless of the many violent acts inside of it, is encouraging use to choose a life of nonviolence. Civilization currently exists on the intrinsic belief that violence is normal, which is a principle that was obviously held in early Rome. In fact, it is this imperialistic ideology and belief in violence that gives the emperor his power. Oddly enough, it makes him seen as both a divinity and a peacemaker. In the society of the Roman Empire, peace built on the value of victory and therefore it comes with the forced acceptance of injustice, because always, in order for one to win, the other must lose. Crossan also explains that although civilization tends to normalize violence, it is possible that violence is not our ultimate destiny. 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The Ethics of Photos Major Principles of Ethics

Question: Describe about The Ethics of Photos for Major Principles of Ethics. Answer: Introduction Ethics are the major principles that reflect the values as well as norms of a society. In other words, ethics are simply the guidelines for its members for treating each other as per the accepted ideals with a fair approach (Djajadikerta Trireksani, 2013). The ethical consequences tend to be formed by the nature of service, profit, ownership, representation as well as creativity in the practice of photography (Keyzer et al., 2013). The ethical issues are often confused by the new technological application as well as exacerbated by the political ideology or cultural preferences and the individual ambition and personality. Therefore, this study aims to identify the ethical consequences associated with the digital photography (Scarles, 2013). There are numerous ethical issues in relation to the photography those must be considered in order to evaluate the resolution to address the consequences. The issues that will be the outcome of the evaluation should be taken seriously and mitigate d as soon as possible. This contemporary digital era has permitted people in order to gain as well as obtain the access to the digital photographs that belong to others. Online games, Mobile Technology, Social Media, Public Forums as well as the numerous other communications have provide allowance to people for utilizing images in various ways. ICT allows people for manipulating as well as changing the nature of few images by providing them a distinct purpose and a distinct meaning as well. Therefore, an ethical concern or consequences can be formed in this scenario. (Langmann Pick, 2014) The most effective victims of such unethical circumstances are the children and mostly the women. Therefore, crucial security issues are encountered those arise from the usage of the photos in the online environments such as the social media like Facebook and many others (Allen, 2012). Therefore, this study highlights all the crucial ethical issues of digital photography such as the ethical concerns of the intangible and intellectual property, images on social media, identity theft, access to the images, ownership and camera access using mobile devices, deception and manipulation using images and other ethical concerns. Discussion and Analysis The use of photographs in Digital world The digital photography is the form of photography that utilizes the cameras containing electronic photodetector arrays for capturing images focused by the lens as reversed to exposure on the photographic film (Van der Rijt Hoffman, 2014). The captured photographs are stored as well as digitalized as a computer file ready for the further digital printing, publishing, viewing as well as digital processing (Palacios-Gonzlez, 2015). Photography in the digital world is one of the various forms of digital imaging. The images that are available electronically can be uploaded to the websites or the social networking sites by the user. The user takes a photo with the help of digital camera or the present pictures can be scanned and then uploads the pictures to the internet. There could be various forms of pictures that can be transmitted or shared in the digital world. The Digital photographs are also made by the non-photographic equipment like the radio telescopes and computer tomography s canners. The photographs have huge utilities in the digital world (Quinn Manning, 2013). The uses of the digital photographs in the digital can be specified with the help of the benefits of the digital photography. The major advantage of the digital photography is that it is more cost effective than the film photography. On the other hand, digital photography helps in showing the instant previews. Apart from that, the digital photographs are very easy for sharing (Djajadikerta Trireksani, 2013). People can upload the digital photos to the websites, email those photos to their friends as well as store them on the CDs. apart from being easily stored and shared the technology for storing the photos are also cheaper and are more resilient to corruption. The technology hence has caught the fancy of the people. Most interesting fact regarding the photography in the digital world is that digital photography is more environment-friendly than the film photography. The digital photographs also take lesser space compared to the analog pictures and hence are more compact and user-friendly. The digital photos that have been taken can be easily modified and made more presentable compared to the film photogr aphy and hence has become more popular. Apart from being easier to implement and modify the photos are technology is also easier to use, more user-friendly and is also cheaper compared to the analog counterpart. There are several field where the digital photography plays an effective role (Keyzer et al., 2013). Digital photography is very significant in order to sell a particular product, in order to make insurance as well as an accident claim. Digital photographs are very effective in the clinical and medical world. Digital photographs are also very important for the driving license, passports and many other identity proofs (Scarles, 2013). Digital photos are also playing a very important role in the educational uses as well. Malicious use of the pictures The misuse or the malicious use of the digital photographs has become a crucial issue for people. The digital photographs are very significant in the digital world. However, along with this fact, it has also been seen that the digital photographs are being misused by people against which, an immediate action must be taken as soon as possible (Langmann Pick, 2014). The malicious use of the digital photos is simply a significant crime. Women as well as the teenagers are the general victims of such crime (Allen, 2012). The malicious uses of images have been rampant in schools and various offices around the world and draw criticism from everyone. Hence the practice which is not at all ethical should be discouraged and the users should be made more aware about the malice involving the digital image sharing over internet. On the other hand, in this digital age, the online platform or the social media are the most general platform through which such malicious use of the pictures are perfor med by the criminals (Van der Rijt Hoffman, 2014). Facebook is such an online platform over which such crime of misusing photographs is taken place. In this contemporary digital world, peoples lives have been dominated by the smart-phones that have changed the way people interact and most importantly the way people conduct, commence and end friendships and relationships (Palacios-Gonzlez, 2015). Hacking is such a criminal process through which the digital photos are misused the most. Image theft from the Facebook account of a user or the other social website is also a crucial misuse of image. The images stolen from the social media websites can be misused by applying those images in the pornography videos (Quinn Manning, 2013). In case of the business world, politics and other fields, the malicious use of photographs of the political leaders and business leaders can damage the impression of a political leader or party or harm the reputation or the revenue of a business organization (Djajadikerta Trireksani, 2013). In other words, the malicious use of the photographs can ruin all the aspects of personal and professional lives. Legal issues involved in malicious use of pictures As discussed earlier, the malicious use or the misuse of the photographs in this digital is the most vulnerable activity with the photographs. These malicious uses or the misuses of the digital photographs are completely unethical activity as per the legal aspect (Keyzer et al., 2013). Thus, there are several legal or the ethical issues incorporated with the malicious usage of the pictures in this digital world. Among the legal issues of the misuse of the pictures, security concern is the most important and significant legal concern of this matter (Quinn Manning, 2013). The malicious use of the digital pictures over the online platforms such as the Social Media like Facebook, Twitter and other online sources can mostly hamper the security or the privacy aspects of the victims account (Scarles, 2013). On the other hand, stealing images in the organizations can hamper the ethical aspects of the organizations. Due to the misuse of the pictures in the organizations made by the hackers o r the other illegal accesses, it would result in the loss of the employees (Langmann Pick, 2014). Apart from that, the misuse of the digital photographs in making the pornographic videos is completely illegal while the photos are literally stolen from peoples social media account without their concerns (Allen, 2012). On the other hand, it is also the fact that the pornography is not legal in most of the countries in all over the world. Apart from that, the legal issues of the malicious use of the photographs can create a negative impact on the professional as well as the personal lives of people (Palacios-Gonzlez, 2015). This illegal access of the photographs can ruin the political, educational as well as business activities due to which the general people are most affected. Ethical issues involved with the use of the digital pictures There are several ethical issues associated with the digital images, like the manipulation of the images, image theft, plagiarism of the photo, etc. In the digital era of photography photos are captured in every second and shared worldwide between wide ranges of individuals (Barbovschi,Green Vandoninck, 2013). The introduction of digital images has also introduced various tools for the manipulation of the image, using which the image can be altered. This turned into an ethical issue and the tool can be used to manipulate and influence people. The digital images should be used for the display of the reality but tampering the image is acceptable to certain limits and exceeding the limit can change the originality of the image leading it to an ethical issue (Greensmith Green, 2015). The digital images can be stolen and sold over the internet without the permission of the owner. The stolen image can be misused and manipulated to destroy the personality of a person or expose negatively t o the society. Plagiarism of the photo is another ethical issue associated with the digital image; it is the situation when someone borrows the idea of another photographer and uses it for his image (Hannay Baatard, 2011). It is a most common case in the recent times where the photographer steals the idea and tries to perform better and often succeed in doing so. In the fashion industry most of the images on the cover pages of the magazine are altered digitally. But sometimes they are altered drastically making the model looking completely different from the real life (ORourke, 2011). Thus are ethical issues regarding the digital photography, the images should be altered or retouched that is acceptable to the society but going beyond the limits makes it an ethical issue. Use of pictures of children Most of the people having children at their home posts images of their children or the persons at the schools posts pictures of the students on different social media sites. These pictures can adversely cause embarrassment for someone (Students) in short term or long term (Livingstone, 2014). The reason behind this is, anyone can edit and misuse the uploaded photos on the social media. In addition to this the use of photo tagging feature which is used to identify people present in the picture can also cause breach in the privacy of an individual (Staksrud, lafsson Livingstone, 2013). Therefore, it is important for the individuals and school authorities to protect their children and students from the adverse effects as a result of publishing their picture. To do this the parents can upload pictures that focus on the group activities. In addition to this parents also consider controlling the availability of the pictures to different group of audiences. Students must not take, use, sha re and publish images of other students (Staksrud, lafsson Livingstone, 2013). Therefore, while posting or sharing the pictures of the children then, two things must be taken care of. The amount of information the photo or the picture providing, the consent of the children. This is mostly about the information that a child wants to or ignores to see it online. Difference between the use of pictures in websites and social media Today different site and social media platforms are mainly populated with digital images to convey information, messages, and to assist people to understand reality. The images are also used to change the existing mindset of the people. The pictures used all around the world for publicizing, advertising and giving momentum to organizations around the world. In early periods the images are manipulated with the chemicals which were detectable. But today when the pictures are manipulated and are posted on an informative website then it can mislead the viewers (Bobkowski Smith, 2013). This will consequently lead the viewers to get a wrong and manipulated concept about any incident, object or personality, which has even resulted in many cases of suicide and depression. Today the there are several digital tools are available for manipulation of the pictures. The one that is most famous among the users is the Photoshop created by Adobe. These unintended changes in the pictures can lead to visual deception. In addition to this when the images are manipulated and posted on the different social media platforms with the intention to entertain people may hurt some one's emotion (Hazell, 2011). Most adversely, if someone creates any image (Trolls) depicting a public figure doing stupid things, then it will be a reason for public unrest created by the followers of that specific personality. In addition to this if someone creates any image or picture by disrespecting the faith or religious belief of any community then, it will also become the reason of religious riots in any country (Livingstone, 2014). This happens due to the most special feature of a picture or photograph to generate an immediate emotional response either for an event (for a personality, object) or against any event. Even though the increasing awareness about the different manipulation techniques is frequently associated with loss of trust on the different news portals and websites, but it is not the correct time to say that the use of the images and photographs to convey messages must be abolished due to the manipulation of the images (Stein, 2009). Here it can be said that as the internet is considered as the major source of knowledge and information, therefore the owners of the websites or the policy makers of the websites and social media platforms must review the different images and photo posts that are uploaded by different users (Hazell, 2011). This will help in maintaining the faith of people which are challenged by the possibilities of different seamless manipulation techniques. The ownership of the images posted on Social Networking sites The images that are posted on the social networking sites are the property of the owner, and the copyright should belong to the creator. The owner of the image have the right to copy, use or distribute the image but when the image is posted on the social networking site the site gets a license to use the image for their commercial activity and can share the image with other individuals also (Hannay Baatard, 2011). For example, Twitter or Facebook can use the uploaded image of a person for their commercial gains which can be done by obtaining likes and shares of the images. The photos that are posted on the site can be easily downloaded from the websites, and as has been mentioned in the previous section the images can be used for a variety of malicious practices that can create a problem for the person. The Twitpic service of Twitter is riskier than Facebook; it can access the deleted photos of the users. This means that they can use the image even after the termination of the license (ORourke, 2011). Twitter can also give access permission to different users and gain profit from the image without paying the user the profit percentage. Thus the social media users must be aware of the terms and conditions of the site before posting the photo to their websites. The problem regarding the ownership of the image can be an ethical issue for the social networking media (Green, 2013). The issue should be mitigated such that the users feel free to post their images, and the sharing of the license should be limited to the social networking site, and it should not be redistributed to the other users (Cook, 2010). There is a risk associated with the other users of the social networking that they can misuse the images for performing illegal activities. The security issues related to photos used on Social Networking Sites (SNS) There are various security concerns and little advantages associated with the sharing of the photos over the internet. The sharing of the pictures could be in any website or the SNS, which makes the pictures available to the digital environment (Cook Kumar and Unmar-Satiah 2015). The major security concerns are identity theft, sexual predators, stalking, victimization, and surveillance. The lesser known advantages are fame and employment. The identity theft affects millions of internet users around the world every year. The impact of such act results in loss of countless hours and money to the whole system. The primary reason behind such act is a lack of knowledge regarding the online identity and the growing trust and comfort of people on the around the social networking sites. The lack of standardization and policing is another reason behind such malicious practices. The social networking sites generate revenue by helping in targeted advertisement (CrippsStanding and Fanning 2015). The sites shared the personal information about the user and based upon the information the companies advertise on the home page of the user profile. Since there is a lack of government oversight, user education, and industry standards, the user is not well educated about the issue that is associated with sharing of data over such websites. Hence sharing of sensitive data and photos are rampant and has led to the case involving identity t hreats. A recent algorithm patented by Google can rate the user influence of such site which will encourage the data sharing of the users. There are millions of users around the world who use SNS which include the criminal and persons with a criminal mentality. The users of such websites should understand that the photos and the data they share are available to them, and such sensitive information is prone to threats from both internal and external sources equally. The validity of Photo IDs in todays environment A photo ID card is a document used for identification of the person. The ID card contains basic information like the Photo of the person, name, and address. The main motive of using the ID cards is for face to face identification and authentication. Availability of photos at several places can be a serious threat to one's identity. Fake photo identities have always been a problem to the society, and the availability of photos over the internet make the process of faking even easier (Dhouha et al. 2014). The social networking encourages the user to share maximum information about them, which can help the friends to have a clear picture about What? When? Why? about the user. Although the social networking has helped the world to be a very compact place, the shared information can be seen by other internet users too. The sensitive information about the user can be accessed in a jiffy ((Bobkowski Smith, 2013)). Since the photo ID cards contain only necessary information about the user which can be readily accessed through the Internet, generation of ID cards have become easier. Hence it can be understood that the validity of ID cards have become big questions. Hence the governments around the world are going for multiple authenticities, which consist of both physical and the digital data (Johnston et al. 2013). The magnetically coded ID cards have become a trend in industries which has both physical and electronic data for authentication. Geocaching and Online Images Geocaching, which is similar to the game of letterboxing, can be used for many purposes such as gaming or making the package available to selective people. This technique is mainly used in the public domain for a treasure hunt. The pictures of the site and the coordinates are shared, and the treasure hunter has to go and search for the package at the indicated location. The pictures, in this case, are used as clues that could be used for guiding the hunter (Management Association ed. 2013). The photos that are used to indicate the physical location are most important part of Geocaching. It acts as the reference for the treasure hunt, and the hunters are lured by the pictures. The more convincing the pictures are the hunters are more lured towards the location (Tonge et al. 2011). The game that recently has caught the attention of people name Pokmon Go uses the same concept for hunting down the Pokmons. Geocaching has caught the attention of the criminal as they try to lure the gamers to a remote location and loot them. There had been incidents of crimes that involve shooting (Trial begins in the shooting of boy, 13, geocaching with his father The Mercury News, 2016). There are various websites that are open to the user which create a community for the players. These communities can be accessed by users from different places, and these users can upload various tasks for the fellow users making the game the perfect recipe for disaster. The criminal can use these platform s to lure the gamers into a trap and do things that have always been condemned (Valli and Hannay 2010). Hence it always suggested that the sources of such treasure hunts be always checked before leaping into it. Conclusion The credibility of every user can be guaranteed, any information in such hand should be treated as a threat. The networking site such as Instagram allows users to upload picture instantaneously thus showing the location and picture of the user, through which the general idea about the user can be grasped and used against them. As it has been aptly said that a picture is worth thousands of words and such information in wrong hand is a serious threat. In this article, the various threats that an internet user faces due to sharing of images and photos on the internet has been discussed in detail. The various aspects that have been discussed in the segment are publishing photos in the digital world its impact on the user and the consequences. In the next section, the various malicious uses of the picture have been discussed in detail for making the user more aware of the consequences that they can suffer due to sharing of images in various internet platforms. The next section contains th e impact of malicious practices on the defaulter have been presented to prevent the users of the internet from committing such crimes. Then the ethical issues of sharing the different types of the picture have been discussed, which will help in understanding the impact of sharing pictures with the community. The subsequent sections deal with the impact of sharing the picture of children and the ownership of the pictures in case of deceased users. Sharing of the picture of children can have an impact on the child as the future of the children is yet to unfold. In this scenario, the rights of the owner have been discussed. Finally, the security aspects of the pictures have been shared, which contains the issue related to sharing of pictures in SNSs, the need for a better security measure to prevent identity threats and the present genre of games that uses Geocaching to lure the user into traps. References The Mercury News. (2016). Trial begins in the shooting of boy, 13, geocaching with his father Mercurynews.com. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.mercurynews.com/2011/09/28/trial-begins-in-shooting-of-boy-13-geocaching-with-his-father/ Valli, C. and P. Hannay (2010). Geotagging Where Cyberspace Comes to Your Place Ryan, M., Ogilvie, M., (2011),Uncovering hidden meanings, values and insights through photos.E-Journal of Business Research Methods,9(1),25-34,Reading, UK. Tonge, J., Moore, S.,Ryan, M., Beckley, L., (2011),Using photo-elicitation to explore place attachment in a remote setting.The Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies,629-637,Reading, United Kingdom. Cripps, H.,Standing, C., Fanning, S., (2015),Does social media work in business-to-business marketing context?.Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Social Media ECSM 2015,89-95,Reading, UK. 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(2011) "Use social media websites responsibly, urges NMC president Tony Hazell",Nursing Standard, 25(41), pp. 26-26. Livingstone, S. (2014) "Developing social media literacy: How children learn to interpret risky opportunities on social network sites",Communications, 39(3). ORourke, S. (2011). Empowering protest through social media. The 2nd International Cyber Resilience Conference. C. Valli. Duxton Hotel, Perth, Western Australia, secau - Security Research Centre, Edith Cowan University: 47-55. Staksrud, E., lafsson, K. and Livingstone, S., (2013). Does the use of social networking sites increase childrens risk of harm?.Computers in Human Behavior,29(1), pp.40-50 Stein, L. (2009) "Social Movement web use in theory and practice: a content analysis of US movement websites",New Media Society, 11(5), pp. 749-771.